ELECTRICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA

Circuit Breaker   A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by overload or short circuit. Its basic function is to detect a fault condition and, by interrupting continuity, to immediately discontinue electrical flow. Unlike a fuse, which operates once and then has to be replaced, a circuit breaker can be reset (either manually or automatically) to resume normal operation. Circuit breakers are made in varying sizes, from small devices that protect an individual household appliance up to large switchgear designed to protect high voltage circuits feeding an entire city. continue.. Guidelines for Low Voltage Circuit Breaker   We all want to have a reliable data center, and one key to data center uptime is circuit breaker reliability. As such, a detailed evaluation of the circuit breaker design and functionality at the design stage of the data center is extremely important. This white paper from S...

Electrical Accidents Statistics   Home safety is one of the biggest concerns for consumers today. Not only is the safety of their family a huge issue, but no one wants to lose all of their materials in an accident that could have been prevented. One area that consumers have begun to learn more concerning safety is electricity. Every year, tens of thousands of people are either killed or injured from contact with electricity. Most of these incidents happen because of a lack of safety precautions, as well as overall knowledge in the field of electricity.. continue.. Common causes of electrical accidents   We use electricity every day to light our homes and operate numerous household appliances. We also use electricity in the workplace, of course. Lights and other common household and office appliances are generally safe to use but improper use can lead to serious accidents or even death. Always use electrical appliances as directed. You should take special care when making elec...

LED lamps   An LED lamp (LED light bulb) is a solid-state lamp that uses light-emitting diodes (LEDs) as the source of light. The LEDs involved may be conventional semiconductor light-emitting diodes, organic LEDs (OLED), or polymer light-emitting diodes (PLED) devices, although PLED technologies are not currently commercially available. Since the light output of individual light-emitting diodes is small compared to incandescent and compact fluorescent lamps, multiple diodes are often used together. In recent years, as diode technology has improved, high power light-emitting diodes with higher lumen output are making it possible to replace other lamps with LED lamps. One high power LED chip used in some commercial LED lights can emit 7,527 lumens while using only 100 watts. LED lamps can be made interchangeable with other types of lamps... continue..     Energy efficient lighting   Manufacturers have expanded the application of LEDs by "clustering" the small bulbs...

Repairing and Troubleshooting Fluorescent Fixtures   On the home repair scale of 1 to 10 (10 being hardest), repairing a fluorescent fixture is a 3 or 4... fairly simple but some basic electrical skills are necessary, such as being able to identify wires by color, stripping insulation from the ends of cut wires, installing wire nuts and reading instructions.  I added the first and last with tongue in cheek... I know most of you are not color-blind and most of you can read... or you wouldn't be here!. continue..   Replacing Fluorescent Lightbulbs   Changing a burned-out fluorescent lightbulb is only a bit harder than replacing a conventional one. Here we'll walk you through it and help troubleshoot a couple of possible problems. continue.. Fluroscent Lamps Wiring Diagrams   The fluorescent light remains one f the most poplar form of lighting despite the many  advancements made in recent years. Though many other more fanciful forms of lighting fixtures ha...

Basic Steps in Solving Power Quality Problems   Steps in solving power quality problems usually include interaction between the utility supply system and the customer facility. This is because power quality problems have different causes that can be traced from both the utility and the end-users. Consequently, different solutions are available in order to improve the power quality and equipment performance. The problem solving process should also consider whether the assessment involves an existing power quality problem or one that could result from a new design or from proposed alterations to the system. continue.. Power Quality Basics:Voltage Swell   Voltage Swell is defined by IEEE 1159 as the increase in the RMS voltage level to 110% - 180% of nominal, at the power frequency for durations of ½ cycle to one (1) minute. It is classified as a short duration voltage variation phenomena, which is one of the general categories of power quality problems mentioned in the second...

What is powersystemsloss all about?    System's loss reduction is now one of the most growing trends in every electric distribution utility. Primarily triggered by economics and regulation concerns, Transmission and Distribution companies now sets more focus in reducing losses and become as an efficient utility as possible in delivering power. Information found in this site will be very useful not only to electrical practitioners but it is also our goal to help students better understand the actual world. Thank you and lets all enjoy learning! continue..   Back to basic    n case you don't know, the power we get from our household electrical outlet didn't just appear in the thin air. It may appear that it is coming out from our walls but we all know that looks can be deceiving. Before reaching our respective homes, electric current passes through miles and miles of c...

LED flasher circuit http://www.simple-electronics.com/2010/11/led-flasher-circuit-using-555-ic.html   This project is a flashing led circuit powered by 555 timer IC.This flasher circuit is composed of two versions, the simple led flasher  that uses only two LED, and big flasher that consists 20  LEDs. Simple LED Flasher circuit is powered from a 6V to 12V battery and delivers a current of about 20mA to LED. The frequency of the flashing on both LED is controlled by 100K potentiometer connected between the discharge and trigger pin of 555 timer IC. The rate of flash ranges from 1blink per 2 seconds up to 10 flashes per sec.  continue..   12V to 5V DC converter using 7805 regulator IC http://www.simple-electronics.com/2009/11/12v-to-5v-dc-converter-using-7805.html   This simple converter project uses 7805 IC to convert 12V dc from a battery to 5V DC. This converter also can be made even only one component, the 7805 regulator. Converter can produce a ma...