ELECTRICAL ENCYCLOPEDIA

LED flasher circuit http://www.simple-electronics.com/2010/11/led-flasher-circuit-using-555-ic.html   This project is a flashing led circuit powered by 555 timer IC.This flasher circuit is composed of two versions, the simple led flasher  that uses only two LED, and big flasher that consists 20  LEDs. Simple LED Flasher circuit is powered from a 6V to 12V battery and delivers a current of about 20mA to LED. The frequency of the flashing on both LED is controlled by 100K potentiometer connected between the discharge and trigger pin of 555 timer IC. The rate of flash ranges from 1blink per 2 seconds up to 10 flashes per sec.  continue..   12V to 5V DC converter using 7805 regulator IC http://www.simple-electronics.com/2009/11/12v-to-5v-dc-converter-using-7805.html   This simple converter project uses 7805 IC to convert 12V dc from a battery to 5V DC. This converter also can be made even only one component, the 7805 regulator. Converter can produce a ma...

What is a Transistor? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transistor   A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify and switch electronic signals. It is composed of a semiconductor material with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit. A voltage or current applied to one pair of the transistor's terminals changes the current flowing through another pair of terminals. Because the controlled (output) power can be much more than the controlling (input) power, a transistor can amplify a signal. Today, some transistors are packaged individually, but many more are found embedded in integrated circuits. continue..   History of a Transistor http://nobelprize.org/educational/physics/transistor/history/   The transistor is a three terminal, solid state electronic device. In a three terminal device we can control electric current or voltage between two of the terminals by applying an electric current or voltage to the third terminal. This three terminal c...

What is an Integrated Circuit? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_circuit   An integrated circuit or monolithic integrated circuit (also referred to as IC, chip, or microchip) is an electronic circuit manufactured by the patterned diffusion of trace elements into the surface of a thin substrate of semiconductor material. Additional materials are deposited and patterned to form interconnections between semiconductor devices. Integrated circuits are used in virtually all electronic equipment today and have revolutionized the world of electronics. Computers, cell phones, and other digital appliances are now inextricable parts of the structure of modern societies, made possible by the low cost of production of integrated circuits. continue.. Basics of Integrated Circuit http://www.solarbotics.net/bftgu/starting_elect_ic.html   Integrated circuits (ICs) are, much as their name would suggest, small circuits integrated into a plastic "chip." They provide a handy source of ric...

What is a Diode? http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diode   In electronics, a diode is a two-terminal electronic component. A semiconductor diode, the most common type today, is a crystalline piece of semiconductor material connected to two electrical terminals. A vacuum tube diode (now little used except in some high-power technologies) is a vacuum tube with two electrodes: a plate and a cathode. The most common function of a diode is to allow an electric current to pass in one direction (called the diode's forward direction), while blocking current in the opposite direction (the reverse direction). Thus, the diode can be thought of as an electronic version of a check valve. This unidirectional behavior is called rectification, and is used to convert alternating current to direct current, and to extract modulation from radio signals in radio receivers. continue.. Diodes and Rectifiers http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/vol_3/chpt_3/1.html   A diode is an electrical device allowing c...