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INFRARED TECHNOLOGY: PRINCIPLES AND APPLICATIONS

What is INFRARED? 
Infrared (IR) light is electromagnetic radiation with a wavelength longer than that of visible light, measured from the nominal edge of visible red light at 0.74 micrometres (µm), and extending conventionally to 300 µm. These wavelengths correspond to a frequency range of approximately 1 to 400 THz,[1] and include most of the thermal radiation emitted by objects near room temperature. Microscopically, IR light is typically emitted or absorbed by molecules when they change their rotational-vibrational movements. continue..


The light we see with our eyes is really a very small portion of what is called the "Electromagnetic Spectrum." The Electromagnetic Spectrum includes all types of radiation - from the X-rays used at hospitals, to radio waves used for communication, and even the microwaves you cook food with.

Radiation in the Electromagnetic Spectrum is often categorized by wavelength. Short wavelength radiation is of the highest energy and can be very dangerous - Gamma, X-rays and ultraviolet are examples of short wavelength radiation. Longer wavelength radiation is of lower energy and is usually less harmful - examples include radio, microwaves and infrared. A rainbow shows the optical (visible) part of the Electromagnetic Spectrum and infrared (if you could see it) would be located just beyond the red side of the rainbow.continue..

Sir William Herschel, an amateur astronomer famous for the discovery of Uranus in 1781, discovered infrared in the early 19th century. Herschel was familiar with Newton’s discovery that sunlight could be separated into its separate chromatic components via refraction through a glass prism. Herschel hypothesized that the colors themselves might contain different levels of heat, so he devised an experiment to test his theory. Herschel passed sunlight through a glass prism to create a spectrum (the rainbow created when light is divided into its color components) and measured the temperatures of the different colors. He used three thermometers with blackened bulbs and placed one bulb in each color while the other two were placed outside the spectrum as controls. continue..

Infrared thermography is one of many nondestructive testing methods of measuring and mapping surface temperatures. It has been proven to be effective, convenient and economical techniques to analyze concrete. It has also been proven as accurate, repeatable and don't have to disturb the public while the testing is going on.This method is used to test cracks or defective parts of a building or any technical problems that may cause inconvenience of harm once the damage progresses. It can be performed during daytime or night depending on the environmental situations and needed results.continue..

Night Vision
Infrared can be used to amplify light in a low-light situation to enable video recording and image capturing.
Thermography
Thermography uses infrared technology to determine the relative temperature of objects by detecting the amount of radiation they are producing.
Tracking Technology
Infrared can be used in tracking technology; objects, commonly missiles, can be sent to follow a target based on their infrared radiation.continue..

The greatest advantages of infrared are being able to use your own receiver with public transmitters (like in movie theatres) and getting the best sound reproduction. Because of their superior sound reproduction, they are often used movies, plays and musical productions. They may not be the best system for profound hearing losses as they lack the acoustic output (loudness) of FM systems. On the other hand, they also present less risk of injury.continue..
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