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TRANSFORMERS

A transformer is a device that transfers electrical energy from one circuit to another through inductively coupled conductors—the transformer's coils. A varying current in the first or primary winding creates a varying magnetic flux in the transformer's core and thus a varying magnetic field through the secondary winding. This varying magnetic field induces a varying electromotive force (EMF), or "voltage", in the secondary winding. This effect is called mutual induction.
If a load is connected to the secondary, an electric current will flow in the secondary winding and electrical energy will be transferred from the primary circuit through the transformer to the load. In an ideal transformer, the induced voltage in the secondary winding (Vs) is in proportion to the primary voltage (Vp), and is given by the ratio of the number of turns in the secondary (Ns) to the number of turns in the primary (Np) as follows: continue..

We have mentioned a while ago that the role of a transformer was made possible through the principles of magnetic induction. This electromagnetic induction was first discovered by these two renowned inventors in 1831; Joseph Henry and Michael Faraday.   However, in 1836, the first type of transformer that was widely used was invented by Nicholas Callan of Maynooth College. This type of transformer was the induction coil. Another known realization of Nicholas Callan was the relationship between the EMF and the windings of the transformer where he observed that the voltage induced increases as the number of turns in the secondary with respect to the primary becomes bigger. continue..

A power transformer is considered to be a major electrical equipment found in every substation because of its function and since it is the largest, heaviest, and the most expensive device. That is why proper care and protection are done to insure that this device would not be easily damage if faults and overloading will occur. Protective devices like circuit breakers, surge arresters and fuses are usually used to do so.
A Power Transformer is the same as a distribution transformer with respect to its functions, although a power transformer has higher capacity compared to a distribution transformer. A transformer is considered to be a power transformer if it has a KVA rating of about 500KVA or more. The most obvious parts of a power transformer that an individual can see in a substation are the following; transformer tank, radiators, cooling fans, bushings, conservator tank and gages that shows different readings found in the transformer. continue..

The name itself offers a simple definition. Electrical transformers are used to transform electrical energy. How electrical transformers do so is by altering voltage, generally from high to low. Voltage is simply the measurement of electrons, how many or how strong, in the flow. Electricity can then be transported more easily and efficiently over long distances.
While power line electrical transformers are commonly recognized, there are other various types and sizes as well. They range from huge, multi-ton units like those at power plants, to intermediate, such as the type used on electric poles, and others can be quite small. Those used in equipment or appliances in your home or place of business are smaller electrical transformers and there are also tiny ones used in items like microphones and other electronics. continue..

A transformer is an electrical device that takes electricity of one voltage and changes it into another voltage. You'll see transformers at the top of utility poles and even changing the voltage in a toy train set.
Basically, a transformer changes electricity from high to low voltage using two properties of electricity. In an electric circuit, there is magnetism around it. Second, whenever a magnetic field changes (by moving or by changing strength) a voltage is made. Voltage is the measure of the strength or amount of electrons flowing through a wire. (You may also want to read Chapter 7 on the Electrical transmission system in The Energy Story. continue..

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